Studies on Escherichia coli HflKC suggest the presence of an unidentified lambda factor that influences the lysis-lysogeny switch

Abstract

Background: The lysis-lysogeny decision in the temperate coliphage γ is influenced by a number of phage proteins (CII and CIII) as well as host factors, viz. Escherichia coli HflB, HflKC and HflD. Prominent among these are the transcription factor CII and HflB, an ATP-dependent protease that degrades CII. Stabilization of CII promotes lysogeny, while its destabilization induces the lytic mode of development. All other factors that influence the lytic/lysogenic decision are known to act by their effects on the stability of CII. Deletion of hflKC has no effect on the stability of CII. However, when γ infects ΔhflKC cells, turbid plaques are produced, indicating stabilization of CII under these conditions. Results: We find that CII is stabilized in ΔhflKC cells even without infection by γ, if CIII is present. Nevertheless, we also obtained turbid plaques when a ΔhflKC host was infected by a cIII-defective phage (ΔcIII 67). This observation raises a fundamental question: does lysogeny necessarily correlate with the stabilization of CII? Our experiments indicate that CII is indeed stabilized under these conditions, implying that stabilization of CII is possible in hflKC cells even in the absence of CIII, leading to lysogeny. Conclusion: We propose that a yet unidentified CII-stabilizing factor in γ may influence the lysis-lysogeny decision in ΔhflKC cells.